At the core of my working method is sketching, in both graphite and oil.  Sketching serves as the way in which I study my subject matter, be it architecture or landscape. I do not use photographic references. Instead, sketches are made directly on site outdoors and these then serve as my material for developing larger and more finished pieces. This is an invaluable part of my artistic process as it allows me to study my environment with a level of detail and intimacy that I believe could be found no other way.